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Marron Diet, Growth Rates and Health

 

Marron are similar to many other freshwater crayfish in being omnivorous and using food chains based on organic detritus (Moloney 1993). A nutritionally-complete pelletized diet which replaces natural food sources as the sole source of nutrition for marron in clean tanks and batteries has yet to be developed. This limits the potential for successful intensive battery culture at present (Morrissy 1984, Jussila & Evans 1996).

Commercial pond operators often rely on a combination of a pelleted diet designed for crustaceans and natural foods in outdoor earthen ponds. Pelleted diets added to marron ponds feed the marron directly, but also contribute to establishing the natural food chains (Morrissy 1992a). Underfeeding or infrequent addition of feeds have depressed yields on many farms but overfeeding can lead to depressed dissolved oxygen levels. New ponds may take up to three years to sustain maximum production in aged ponds as, marron obtain an essential part of their nutrition from pond biota. In general, the growth rates of healthy marron will depend heavily on the supply of food and the stocking density used (Morrissy et al. 1995b).

 
 

 

 

Growth and Health Issues

Although marron have been reported to grow to 2 kg, farmed marron are harvested at much smaller sizes for economic reasons. Depending upon culture conditions, such as water temperature, nutrition and stocking density, marron can grow to between 60 and 150 g within 12 months and between 100 and 300 g within 24 months (Morrissy 1976a, Morrissy et al 1990, Morrissy 1992b). Both the average weight and the individual weights of a pond of marron are highly variable and economically significant as wholesale price generally increases with individual marron size.

Serious primary infectious diseases have not been a major problem on marron farms and none pose any threat to consumers. Like all freshwater crayfish, marron can have several species of tiny animals attached to their shell and gills. Two such epibionts are Epistylis and Temnocephala. These cause marketing problems and are symptomatic of poor water quality and growth rates, particularly in unaerated ponds containing excessive organic matter. The protozoan Thelohania (Cotton Tail or Porcelain disease) has been reported in yabbies and gilgies in WA in the late 1990s, and vigilance will be needed to exclude Thelohania from marron farms. The importation of all overseas crayfish species into Australia is prohibited, since they can carry the crayfish plague fungus Aphanomyces astaci (Morrissy 1992a), to which Australian crayfish are likely to be very susceptible. Unauthorised live transfers of Australian freshwater crayfish into Western Australia are prohibited.

In the absence of major disease problems in well-designed and managed systems, the biggest threat to the survival of ready-to-harvest marron comes from poor handling and processing techniques.

 

 

Informtation courtesy of the WA Department of Fisheries

 

Farming Marron


Spawning - Supply of Juveniles


Culture and Environment


Diet, Growth and Health


Harvesting, Processsing and Marketing


References and Reading


Further Information

 

Resources and Links


Marron Growers Assoc


Marron Aquaculture


Markets & Marketing


Business Planning


Production Systems


Aquaculture Site Selection


Pond Aquaculture Systems


Farm Management


Water Quality


Aeration


General


Health and Diseases


Government Approvals


Assistance

 

Aquaculture Council of WA - Suite 7/41 Walters Drv, Osborne Park WA 6016, Australia
Ph: +61 8 9492 8888 Fax: +61 8 9244 2934